techPowerUp! Forums

Go Back   techPowerUp! Forums > Hardware > Overclocking & Cooling

Reply
 
Thread Tools
Old Mar 1, 2013, 01:54 PM   #1
jonathan1107
500 Posts
 
jonathan1107's Avatar
 
Join Date: Dec 2010
Location: Canada
Posts: 797 (0.92/day)
Thanks: 102
Thanked 28 Times in 17 Posts

System Specs

HOW do I turn off High Precision Event Timer ??

How do I turn off HPET ??? It's nowhere to be found in my bios (asus sabertooth 55i)
jonathan1107 is offline  
Reply With Quote
Old Mar 1, 2013, 02:50 PM   #2
jaggerwild
75 Posts
 
jaggerwild's Avatar
 
Join Date: Oct 2008
Location: Reality
Posts: 107 (0.06/day)
Thanks: 10
Thanked 11 Times in 11 Posts

System Specs

Its in the Bios, mine is the third tab to the left in the new Bios.
jaggerwild is offline  
Reply With Quote
Old Mar 1, 2013, 03:04 PM   #3
jonathan1107
500 Posts
 
jonathan1107's Avatar
 
Join Date: Dec 2010
Location: Canada
Posts: 797 (0.92/day)
Thanks: 102
Thanked 28 Times in 17 Posts

System Specs

Quote:
Originally Posted by jaggerwild View Post
Its in the Bios, mine is the third tab to the left in the new Bios.
It is NOT an option in MY bios. Asus sabertooth 55i doesn't feature that option... Is there no way to turn it off IN windows 7 instead of the BIOS ?
jonathan1107 is offline  
Reply With Quote
Old Mar 1, 2013, 03:29 PM   #4
Law-II
500 Posts
 
Law-II's Avatar
 
Join Date: May 2011
Location: Mainland Britain
Posts: 883 (1.19/day)
Thanks: 708
Thanked 308 Times in 274 Posts

System Specs

Quote:
Originally Posted by jonathan1107 View Post
It is NOT an option in MY bios. Asus sabertooth 55i doesn't feature that option... Is there no way to turn it off IN windows 7 instead of the BIOS ?
Hi

May be have a look here - http://forums.guru3d.com/showpost.ph...13&postcount=2

look under heading [Maximize your Windows timer resolution]

atb (all the best)

Law-II
Law-II is offline  
Reply With Quote
Old Mar 1, 2013, 04:50 PM   #5
itsakjt
200 Posts
 
itsakjt's Avatar
 
Join Date: Oct 2010
Location: Kolkata
Posts: 380 (0.40/day)
Thanks: 239
Thanked 96 Times in 67 Posts

System Specs

Quote:
Originally Posted by jonathan1107 View Post
It is NOT an option in MY bios. Asus sabertooth 55i doesn't feature that option... Is there no way to turn it off IN windows 7 instead of the BIOS ?
Just go to Device manager and expand the "System Devices" section. Look for High Precision Event Timer. Right click on it and click disable.. It should do the job.
itsakjt is offline  
Reply With Quote
The Following User Says Thank You to itsakjt For This Useful Post:
Old Mar 1, 2013, 05:55 PM   #6
Aquinus
3500 Posts
 
Aquinus's Avatar
 
Join Date: Jan 2012
Location: Dover, New Hampshire, USA
Posts: 4,216 (8.86/day)
Thanks: 1,252
Thanked 1,302 Times in 967 Posts

System Specs

Quote:
Originally Posted by itsakjt View Post
Just go to Device manager and expand the "System Devices" section. Look for High Precision Event Timer. Right click on it and click disable.. It should do the job.
That disables the driver not the hardware that runs the HPET. You can only fully disable it through the BIOS. If you've looked everywhere it's possible that you might not be able to disable it.
__________________
MyHeat
Aquinus is online now  
Crunching for Team TPU
Reply With Quote
The Following User Says Thank You to Aquinus For This Useful Post:
Old Mar 1, 2013, 05:58 PM   #7
Frick
Fishfaced Nincompoop
 
Frick's Avatar
 
Join Date: Feb 2006
Location: Sweden
Posts: 7,861 (2.98/day)
Thanks: 1,073
Thanked 1,440 Times in 1,146 Posts

System Specs

What is it?
__________________
Typemachine: Acer Aspire One D250 | Atom N280 1.6 Ghz | 1GB DDR2 | 160GB SATA | 10.1' 1024 x 600 | Lubuntu 12.10
Oldbox: HP D530 | Pentium 4 2.8 Ghz | 1GB DDR | 40GB | Windows XP
"The 'gentle biker' look is overdone. I'm going for 'psycho hillbilly.' "
Frick is online now  
Reply With Quote
Old Mar 1, 2013, 06:05 PM   #8
Aquinus
3500 Posts
 
Aquinus's Avatar
 
Join Date: Jan 2012
Location: Dover, New Hampshire, USA
Posts: 4,216 (8.86/day)
Thanks: 1,252
Thanked 1,302 Times in 967 Posts

System Specs

Quote:
Originally Posted by Frick View Post
What is it?
It's exactly as it sounds. A high precision event timer. It's supposed to be more reliable than programmable timers and the real time clock. It's basically dedicated hardware for hardware interrupt timers with a high level of precision and accuracy.

Quote:
Originally Posted by Wikipedia
The HPET can produce periodic interrupts at a much higher resolution than the RTC and is often used to synchronize multimedia streams, providing smooth playback and reducing the need to use other timestamp calculations such as an X86-based CPU's RDTSC instruction.
I also just looked through the manual for the Sabertooth 55i and there is no mension of the HPET. Maybe the board forces it to be on, in which case you're out of luck.

Why do you need to disable HPET anyways? It's best to keep it on.
__________________
MyHeat
Aquinus is online now  
Crunching for Team TPU
Reply With Quote
The Following User Says Thank You to Aquinus For This Useful Post:
Old Mar 1, 2013, 06:06 PM   #9
Frick
Fishfaced Nincompoop
 
Frick's Avatar
 
Join Date: Feb 2006
Location: Sweden
Posts: 7,861 (2.98/day)
Thanks: 1,073
Thanked 1,440 Times in 1,146 Posts

System Specs

Ahh I see. And it causes problems how? I mean why would the OP want to disable it?
__________________
Typemachine: Acer Aspire One D250 | Atom N280 1.6 Ghz | 1GB DDR2 | 160GB SATA | 10.1' 1024 x 600 | Lubuntu 12.10
Oldbox: HP D530 | Pentium 4 2.8 Ghz | 1GB DDR | 40GB | Windows XP
"The 'gentle biker' look is overdone. I'm going for 'psycho hillbilly.' "
Frick is online now  
Reply With Quote
Old Mar 1, 2013, 06:16 PM   #10
itsakjt
200 Posts
 
itsakjt's Avatar
 
Join Date: Oct 2010
Location: Kolkata
Posts: 380 (0.40/day)
Thanks: 239
Thanked 96 Times in 67 Posts

System Specs

Quote:
Originally Posted by Aquinus View Post
That disables the driver not the hardware that runs the HPET. You can only fully disable it through the BIOS. If you've looked everywhere it's possible that you might not be able to disable it.
I posted it because he asked if Windows has some way to do it. Maybe what he wants does not require to turn the hardware off. Also, a hardware is absolutely unusable if its drivers are disabled or not installed. So if the setting is not in the BIOS the solution I posted is likely the best bet unless he physically destroys the HPET chip.
itsakjt is offline  
Reply With Quote
Old Mar 1, 2013, 06:36 PM   #11
Aquinus
3500 Posts
 
Aquinus's Avatar
 
Join Date: Jan 2012
Location: Dover, New Hampshire, USA
Posts: 4,216 (8.86/day)
Thanks: 1,252
Thanked 1,302 Times in 967 Posts

System Specs

Quote:
Originally Posted by itsakjt View Post
Also, a hardware is absolutely unusable if its drivers are disabled or not installed. So if the setting is not in the BIOS the solution I posted is likely the best bet unless he physically destroys the HPET chip.
Right, but the hardware is still active. It's possible that the chipset relies on it being on, so turning it off isn't an option.

Either way, I'm still curious why he needs it off in the first place. It's on the of the last things to cause problems on a modern machine.

Quote:
Originally Posted by Frick View Post
And it causes problems how? I mean why would the OP want to disable it?
I don't know. I would like to know this as well.
__________________
MyHeat
Aquinus is online now  
Crunching for Team TPU
Reply With Quote
Old Mar 2, 2013, 01:45 AM   #12
itsakjt
200 Posts
 
itsakjt's Avatar
 
Join Date: Oct 2010
Location: Kolkata
Posts: 380 (0.40/day)
Thanks: 239
Thanked 96 Times in 67 Posts

System Specs

[QUOTE=Aquinus;2856739]Right, but the hardware is still active. It's possible that the chipset relies on it being on, so turning it off isn't an option.

Either way, I'm still curious why he needs it off in the first place. It's on the of the last things to cause problems on a modern machine.

Exactly. I also wonder the same thing. In my old Pentium 4 rig, HPET was set to off. After I installed Windows 7, I was fiddling with the BIOS settings until I came to the HPET setting. The name somewhat told me what it really is. Then I turned it on and noticed a huge performance increase in the Windows Aero animations.
itsakjt is offline  
Reply With Quote
Old Mar 2, 2013, 02:43 AM   #13
AsRock
TPU addict
 
Join Date: Jun 2007
Location: US\ Uk Born
Posts: 8,782 (4.07/day)
Thanks: 1,668
Thanked 1,345 Times in 1,167 Posts

System Specs

Quote:
Features

An HPET chip consists of a 64-bit up-counter (main counter) counting at a frequency of at least 10 MHz, and a set of (at least 3, up to 256) comparators. These comparators are 32- or 64-bit wide. The HPET is programmed via a memory mapped I/O window that is discoverable via ACPI. The HPET circuit in modern PCs is integrated into the southbridge chip.[note 1]

Each comparator can generate an interrupt when the least significant bits are equal to the corresponding bits of the 64-bit main counter value. The comparators can be put into one-shot mode or periodic mode, with at least one comparator supporting periodic mode and all of them supporting one-shot mode. In one-shot mode the comparator fires an interrupt once when the main counter reaches the value stored in the comparator's register, while in the periodic mode the interrupts are generated at specified intervals.

Comparators can be driven by the operating system, e.g. to provide one timer per CPU for scheduling, or by applications.
Applications

The HPET can produce periodic interrupts at a much higher resolution than the RTC and is often used to synchronize multimedia streams, providing smooth playback and reducing the need to use other timestamp calculations such as an X86-based CPU's RDTSC instruction.
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/High_Precision_Event_Timer

EDIT: Try looking under the ACPI bios options.
AsRock is online now  
Reply With Quote
The Following User Says Thank You to AsRock For This Useful Post:
Old Mar 2, 2013, 05:11 AM   #14
95Viper
3500 Posts
 
95Viper's Avatar
 
Join Date: Oct 2008
Location: στο άλφα έως ωμέγα
Posts: 3,838 (2.29/day)
Thanks: 2,032
Thanked 1,416 Times in 1,115 Posts

System Specs

Some have stated they have achieved reduced excessive latencies of Deferred Procedure Calls by disabling the High Precision Event Timer.
Making for smoother data streams and reducing drop out.

Some old, but, good reading here: Guidelines For Providing Multimedia Timer Support

A little how to dis-able and enable in windows: DPC tweaking guide for AV / Gaming

And, a quote from the BCDEdit /set command MS DEV web-page, where you can find usage for that command and others:

Quote:
The BCDEdit /set command sets a boot entry option value in the Windows boot configuration data store (BCD) for Windows Vista, Windows 7, Windows Server 2008, Windows 8, Windows Server 2012. Use the BCDEdit /set command to configure specific boot entry elements, such as kernel debugger settings, memory options, or options that enable test-signed kernel-mode code or load alternate hardware abstraction layer (HAL) and kernel files. To remove a boot entry option, use the BCDEdit /deletevalue command.

Caution Administrative privileges are required to use BCDEdit to modify BCD. Changing some boot entry options using the BCDEdit /set command could render your computer inoperable. As an alternative, use the System Configuration utility (MSConfig.exe) to change boot settings.

Last edited by 95Viper; Mar 2, 2013 at 05:24 AM.
95Viper is offline  
Reply With Quote
Old Mar 2, 2013, 05:29 AM   #15
jonathan1107
500 Posts
 
jonathan1107's Avatar
 
Join Date: Dec 2010
Location: Canada
Posts: 797 (0.92/day)
Thanks: 102
Thanked 28 Times in 17 Posts

System Specs

Thanks for the input guys. I'm trying to disable the HPET setting and maxing my Timer Resolution as well as disabling core parking to maximize SLI performance...

HPET is known to cause instability and some fps drops in SLI setups... at least so I've read on many different forums. That is why I wanted it disabled ... I also read somewhere that you can set the system to use the HPET "ONLY" which also results in an increased performance, not sure which is better (HPET only vs HPET off) will have to test and see which gives me the best DPC latencies...

Link to HPET disabled recommendation:
http://forums.guru3d.com/showpost.ph...13&postcount=2

HPET ONLY source (quote): "HPET is mostly used for multimedia / syncing media streams with audio. If you disable it, the OS / app if it uses falls back to RTC and may start desyncing video. I can't really think of a good reason to disable it unless your systemboards implementation is crap (it happens). You also may need to force Windows (no idea on Linux) to only use HPET so the CPU isn't wasting time syncing all the rest of the system timers.

bcdedit /set useplatformclock true (then reboot) enable HPET
bcdedit /deletevalue useplatformclock (then reboot) disable HPET

Mileage varies like all changes to computers" (quote end)
jonathan1107 is offline  
Reply With Quote
Old Mar 2, 2013, 06:42 AM   #16
LAN_deRf_HA
3500 Posts
 
LAN_deRf_HA's Avatar
 
Join Date: Apr 2008
Posts: 4,009 (2.14/day)
Thanks: 289
Thanked 830 Times in 587 Posts

System Specs

I can't even turn it on if I wanted. Nvidia won't fix the Asus/SLI/HPET bug and it's been years since it started.
LAN_deRf_HA is offline  
Reply With Quote
Old Mar 3, 2013, 07:36 PM   #17
jonathan1107
500 Posts
 
jonathan1107's Avatar
 
Join Date: Dec 2010
Location: Canada
Posts: 797 (0.92/day)
Thanks: 102
Thanked 28 Times in 17 Posts

System Specs

Hi, you mentionned I should look under ACPI options to find my HPET settings in my MOBO menu...

"EDIT: Try looking under the ACPI bios options."

When I look in the ACPI options I'm given a few:

take a look @ the screenshot of my MOBO manual here


image hosting sites

which setting should I change ?
jonathan1107 is offline  
Reply With Quote
Old Mar 3, 2013, 08:11 PM   #18
erocker
Senior Moderator
 
erocker's Avatar
 
Join Date: Jul 2006
Location: Milwaukee, WI.
Posts: 31,869 (12.78/day)
Thanks: 2,778
Thanked 12,245 Times in 7,801 Posts

System Specs

After doing a google search, it seems as if you have no HPET option in your bios. https://www.google.com/search?q=Sabe...=2560&bih=1294

From what I've read, there's no reason to turn it off.
erocker is offline  
Reply With Quote
Old Mar 3, 2013, 09:27 PM   #19
jonathan1107
500 Posts
 
jonathan1107's Avatar
 
Join Date: Dec 2010
Location: Canada
Posts: 797 (0.92/day)
Thanks: 102
Thanked 28 Times in 17 Posts

System Specs

Quote:
Originally Posted by erocker View Post
After doing a google search, it seems as if you have no HPET option in your bios. https://www.google.com/search?q=Sabe...=2560&bih=1294

From what I've read, there's no reason to turn it off.
well the ACPI APIC setting seems to be the right setting to disable, since it mentions high precision interrupts... which is the closest thing I've found to HPET...

I was told by many to disable it for crysis 3, especially in SLI config... apparently it reduces the DPC latency by a lot...

also, I have to disable core parking...

I just can't believe how crazy crysis 3's FPS is... I'm playin in the 1st mission on the ship, and whenever I face a window and look far off the fps drops to 20fps (with a 670 sli setup LOL)... so is it just me or this game is CPU hungry (unoptimized) ?

with a BEAST pc like mine I would have hoped for better FPS in crysis 3. I've been trying different tweaks, still can't get a solid 60fps... Crysis 3 feels like skyrim (because the FPS is solid 60 and drops to 20ish when just looking in a certain direction in certain areas...)

or could it be my CPU bottlenecking my GPUs... ?
jonathan1107 is offline  
Reply With Quote
Old Mar 4, 2013, 08:45 AM   #20
Aquinus
3500 Posts
 
Aquinus's Avatar
 
Join Date: Jan 2012
Location: Dover, New Hampshire, USA
Posts: 4,216 (8.86/day)
Thanks: 1,252
Thanked 1,302 Times in 967 Posts

System Specs

Quote:
Originally Posted by jonathan1107 View Post
I was told by many to disable it for crysis 3, especially in SLI config... apparently it reduces the DPC latency by a lot...
I've heard this too but I think this is an old issue. I would be very surprised if this is the case now and if it is. Also I doubt that disabling power states won't do it since this is a chipset specific feature where interrupts other than just low power modes rely on the HPET.

I would setup MSI Afterburning to output Framerate, both GPU temps, and both GPU usages to the OSD and I would see how load changes according to frame rate. I can't give you a comparison because I haven't played Crysis 3, and unless it's significantly different from the first two, I'm reluctant to buy it.

Quote:
Originally Posted by jonathan1107 View Post
with a BEAST pc like mine I would have hoped for better FPS in crysis 3. I've been trying different tweaks, still can't get a solid 60fps... Crysis 3 feels like skyrim (because the FPS is solid 60 and drops to 20ish when just looking in a certain direction in certain areas...)
Heh. Arrogance, I love it! I'm just kidding. I understand loving one's machine. I love mine, but in all honestly, the only beastly thing about your machine is your 670s in crossfire. As far as memory and CPU speed is concerned, the i7 875 @ 4Ghz isn't bad, but you have new architecture chips pumping out higher numbers without water. My i7 3820 for example is running at 4.5Ghz on air and memory is at 2400Mhz (4 channels of it,) as well as two SSDs in RAID-0 and 3 HDDs in RAID-5. Which would be more "beastly" than what you got, but the 670s waltz over my 6870s. Granted I only game occasionally. My video cards probably crunch more than they game.

So as beastly as your rig is, it's not completely beastly and now that you mention it, it doesn't hurt to make sure your CPU isn't bottle-necking as well. Occasionally my i7 3820 will bottleneck on a game, but it's usually pretty rare and it's usually due to not being multi-threaded all that well. I don't expect this to work, by try setting your power options in Windows to "Performance". That way we know your CPU isn't going into a low power state so we can rule that out.
__________________
MyHeat

Last edited by Aquinus; Mar 4, 2013 at 08:56 AM.
Aquinus is online now  
Crunching for Team TPU
Reply With Quote
Old Mar 4, 2013, 07:49 PM   #21
jonathan1107
500 Posts
 
jonathan1107's Avatar
 
Join Date: Dec 2010
Location: Canada
Posts: 797 (0.92/day)
Thanks: 102
Thanked 28 Times in 17 Posts

System Specs

Quote:
Originally Posted by Aquinus View Post
I've heard this too but I think this is an old issue. I would be very surprised if this is the case now and if it is. Also I doubt that disabling power states won't do it since this is a chipset specific feature where interrupts other than just low power modes rely on the HPET.

I would setup MSI Afterburning to output Framerate, both GPU temps, and both GPU usages to the OSD and I would see how load changes according to frame rate. I can't give you a comparison because I haven't played Crysis 3, and unless it's significantly different from the first two, I'm reluctant to buy it.



Heh. Arrogance, I love it! I'm just kidding. I understand loving one's machine. I love mine, but in all honestly, the only beastly thing about your machine is your 670s in crossfire. As far as memory and CPU speed is concerned, the i7 875 @ 4Ghz isn't bad, but you have new architecture chips pumping out higher numbers without water. My i7 3820 for example is running at 4.5Ghz on air and memory is at 2400Mhz (4 channels of it,) as well as two SSDs in RAID-0 and 3 HDDs in RAID-5. Which would be more "beastly" than what you got, but the 670s waltz over my 6870s. Granted I only game occasionally. My video cards probably crunch more than they game.

So as beastly as your rig is, it's not completely beastly and now that you mention it, it doesn't hurt to make sure your CPU isn't bottle-necking as well. Occasionally my i7 3820 will bottleneck on a game, but it's usually pretty rare and it's usually due to not being multi-threaded all that well. I don't expect this to work, by try setting your power options in Windows to "Performance". That way we know your CPU isn't going into a low power state so we can rule that out.
my power states are disabled (my CPU OC is a constant OC) the only thing I can rule out now, is the core parking...

and yes, I'm very aware that my PC ain't the very best out there. this is my 1st build ever, and I made a lot of dumb mistakes thinking I was actually buyin the best stuff until I learned even more about computers and whatnot later...

And so my next 2 upgrades will be my CPU and Mobo, but heck... with 2x 670s in SLI, with a rig like mine, there's just NO way the fps can be that low... it's 800$+ worth of GPU horsepower lol... Believe me, the game ain't well optimized... The Witcher 2 has just as much eye candy, and a single 670 runs it Maxed...
jonathan1107 is offline  
Reply With Quote
Old Mar 4, 2013, 09:08 PM   #22
Aquinus
3500 Posts
 
Aquinus's Avatar
 
Join Date: Jan 2012
Location: Dover, New Hampshire, USA
Posts: 4,216 (8.86/day)
Thanks: 1,252
Thanked 1,302 Times in 967 Posts

System Specs

Well, it sounds like there is a bottleneck to me. I seriously doubt that HPET is causing this. Like I said before, I would watch usages while you're gaming to see if your topping out the CPU or GPUs. Weather or not it seems obvious or not, it's a place to start and until you test it you'll never really know.

Also the hardware in your rig looks fine, unless you've been doing what I used to do and just constantly replace parts. I'm glad that I finally have a platform that I'm happy with though.
__________________
MyHeat
Aquinus is online now  
Crunching for Team TPU
Reply With Quote
Old Mar 4, 2013, 11:51 PM   #23
jonathan1107
500 Posts
 
jonathan1107's Avatar
 
Join Date: Dec 2010
Location: Canada
Posts: 797 (0.92/day)
Thanks: 102
Thanked 28 Times in 17 Posts

System Specs

Quote:
Originally Posted by Aquinus View Post
Well, it sounds like there is a bottleneck to me. I seriously doubt that HPET is causing this. Like I said before, I would watch usages while you're gaming to see if your topping out the CPU or GPUs. Weather or not it seems obvious or not, it's a place to start and until you test it you'll never really know.

Also the hardware in your rig looks fine, unless you've been doing what I used to do and just constantly replace parts. I'm glad that I finally have a platform that I'm happy with though.
Being that I use EVGA precision X, I cannot monitor my GPU usage (at least not with itself)... what can I use to monitor CPU usage?
jonathan1107 is offline  
Reply With Quote
Old Mar 4, 2013, 11:54 PM   #24
LAN_deRf_HA
3500 Posts
 
LAN_deRf_HA's Avatar
 
Join Date: Apr 2008
Posts: 4,009 (2.14/day)
Thanks: 289
Thanked 830 Times in 587 Posts

System Specs

Why can't you monitor gpu usage in precision?
LAN_deRf_HA is offline  
Reply With Quote
Old Mar 5, 2013, 02:07 PM   #25
jonathan1107
500 Posts
 
jonathan1107's Avatar
 
Join Date: Dec 2010
Location: Canada
Posts: 797 (0.92/day)
Thanks: 102
Thanked 28 Times in 17 Posts

System Specs

dunno... might have to do with the k-boost feature
jonathan1107 is offline  
Reply With Quote
Reply


Currently Active Users Viewing This Thread: 1 (0 members and 1 guests)
 
Thread Tools

Posting Rules
You may not post new threads
You may not post replies
You may not post attachments
You may not edit your posts

BB code is On
Smilies are On
[IMG] code is On
HTML code is Off

Forum Jump

Similar Threads
Thread Thread Starter Forum Replies Last Post
how to turn off virtual memory lordjohn Motherboards & Memory 13 Nov 28, 2012 08:24 AM
How to turn off 100% fan burst on start-up 1bigphil AMD / ATI 19 Apr 27, 2010 10:09 PM
How do you turn off video acceleration in Vista 32-bit? HiddenStupid General Hardware 16 Feb 28, 2010 03:17 PM
How do you safely turn off an External Network Drive? Black Panther Storage 7 Apr 24, 2009 02:52 PM
How to turn off IPv6 in Vista TheMailMan78 General Software 1 Jul 25, 2008 12:29 AM


All times are GMT. The time now is 10:57 AM.


Powered by vBulletin® Version 3.8.6
Copyright ©2000 - 2013, Jelsoft Enterprises Ltd.
no new posts