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World's most powerful telescope takes shape

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When it launches, the James Webb telescope will be able to see back to 200 million years after the Big Bang.

Work is currently underway to construct the huge probe with the first of 18 flight mirrors now successfully installed




The telescope is expected to be 100 times more potent than its predecessor, Hubble, and three times larger.

Nasa describes it as a 'time machine with infrared vision that will peer back over 13.5 billion years to see the first stars and galaxies forming out of the darkness of the early universe.'

In the clean room at Nasa's Goddard Space Flight Center in Maryland this week, the engineering team used a robot arm to lift to put the telescope together.

The robot arm lowered the hexagonal-shaped segment that measures just over 4.2ft (1.3 meters) across and weighs approximately 88lb (40kg).

After being pieced together, the 18 primary mirror segments will work together as one large 21.3-foot (6.5-meter) mirror






n the clean room at Nasa's Goddard Space Flight Center in Maryland this week, the engineering team used a robot arm to lift to put the telescope together. The robot arm lowered the hexagonal-shaped segment that measures just over 4.2ft (1.3 meters) across and weighs approximately 88lb (40kg)



The James Webb Space Telescope will be 100 times more potent than Hubble, and will be able to see back to 200 million years after the Big Bang. Pictured are Nasa scientists completing a series of cryogenic tests on six James Webb Space Telescope beryllium mirror segments


The full installation is expected to be complete early next year.

'This first-mirror installation milestone symbolizes all the new and specialised technology that was developed to enable the observatory to study the first stars and galaxies,' said John Grunsfeld, astronaut and Nasa associate administrator.
Several innovative technologies have been developed for the Webb Telescope.

Webb will study every phase in the history of our universe, including the cosmos' first luminous glows, the formation of solar systems capable of supporting life on planets like Earth, and the evolution of our own solar system.

The 18 separate segments unfold and adjust to shape after launch.

The mirrors are made of ultra-lightweight beryllium chosen for its thermal and mechanical properties at cryogenic temperatures. Each segment also has a thin gold coating chosen for its ability to reflect infrared light.

The telescope's biggest feature is a tennis court sized five-layer sunshield that attenuates heat from the sun more than a million times.

The mirrors must remain precisely aligned in space in order for Webb to successfully carry out science investigations.



Unlike the Hubble Space Telescope, which circles the Earth, the JWST will go even further, to a place called L2, for LaGrange Point, 930,000 miles (1.5 million km) away in space




Nasa describes the telescope as a 'powerful time machine with infrared vision that will peer back over 13.5 billion years to see the first stars and galaxies forming out of the darkness of the early universe'

While operating at extraordinarily cold temperatures between minus 406 and minus 343 degrees Fahrenheit, the backplane must not move more than 38 nanometers, approximately one thousandth the diameter of a human hair.

'There have many significant achievements for Webb over the past year, but the installation of the first flight mirror is special,' said Bill Ochs, James Webb Space Telescope project manager.


Despite these technologies successes, the James Webb telescope has drawn scrutiny from lawmakers for its ballooning costs - now at about $8.8 billion, far higher than the initial estimate of $3.5 bn (£2.33 bn).

Unlike the Hubble Space Telescope, which circles the Earth, the JWST will go even further, to a place called L2, for LaGrange Point, 930,000 miles (1.5 million km) away in space.

That distance will keep the telescope cold, prevent it from being blinded by its own infra-red light and shelter it from radiation.

'It will follow the Earth around the sun over the course of the year. So it's in a sun center orbit instead of an Earth center orbit,' said Greenhouse.

The heavy telescope is scheduled to launch atop an Ariane 5 rocket, made by the European Space Agency, from French Guiana in October 2018.






 
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