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U.S. scientists have succeeded in squeezing hydrogen so intensely that it has turned into a metal, creating an entirely new material that might be used as a highly efficient electricity conductor at room temperatures.
The discovery, published in the journal Science. provides the first confirmation of a theory proposed in 1935 by physicists Hillard Bell Huntington and Eugene Wigner that hydrogen, normally a gas, could occur in a metallic state if exposed to extreme pressure.
Several teams have been racing to develop metallic hydrogen, which is highly prized because of its potential as a superconductor, a material that is extremely efficient at conducting electricity.
This combination of still photos taken from video shows hydrogen magnified at different stages of compression, from gas form to metallic
'This is the holy grail of high-pressure physics,' Harvard physicist Isaac Silvera, one of the study's authors, said in a statement.
'It's the first-ever sample of metallic hydrogen on Earth, so when you're looking at it, you're looking at something that's never existed before.'
'One prediction that's very important is metallic hydrogen is predicted to be meta-stable,' Silvera said.
'That means if you take the pressure off, it will stay metallic, similar to the way diamonds form from graphite under intense heat and pressure, but remains a diamond when that pressure and heat is removed.'
Understanding whether the material is stable is important, Silvera said, because predictions suggest metallic hydrogen could act as a superconductor at room temperatures.
The material could also provide major improvements in energy production and storage.
Because superconductors have zero resistance, superconducting coils could be used to store excess energy, which could then be used whenever it is needed.
To achieve this feat, Silvera and post-doctoral fellow Ranga Dias squeezed a tiny hydrogen sample at more than 71.7 million pounds per square inch (32.5 million kg per 6.5 square cm), greater than the pressure at the center of the Earth.
The scientists created this force using synthetic diamonds mounted opposite each other in a device known as a diamond anvil cell.
http://news.harvard.edu/gazette/story/2017/01/a-breakthrough-in-high-pressure-physics/
The discovery, published in the journal Science. provides the first confirmation of a theory proposed in 1935 by physicists Hillard Bell Huntington and Eugene Wigner that hydrogen, normally a gas, could occur in a metallic state if exposed to extreme pressure.
Several teams have been racing to develop metallic hydrogen, which is highly prized because of its potential as a superconductor, a material that is extremely efficient at conducting electricity.
This combination of still photos taken from video shows hydrogen magnified at different stages of compression, from gas form to metallic
'This is the holy grail of high-pressure physics,' Harvard physicist Isaac Silvera, one of the study's authors, said in a statement.
'It's the first-ever sample of metallic hydrogen on Earth, so when you're looking at it, you're looking at something that's never existed before.'
'One prediction that's very important is metallic hydrogen is predicted to be meta-stable,' Silvera said.
'That means if you take the pressure off, it will stay metallic, similar to the way diamonds form from graphite under intense heat and pressure, but remains a diamond when that pressure and heat is removed.'
Understanding whether the material is stable is important, Silvera said, because predictions suggest metallic hydrogen could act as a superconductor at room temperatures.
The material could also provide major improvements in energy production and storage.
Because superconductors have zero resistance, superconducting coils could be used to store excess energy, which could then be used whenever it is needed.
To achieve this feat, Silvera and post-doctoral fellow Ranga Dias squeezed a tiny hydrogen sample at more than 71.7 million pounds per square inch (32.5 million kg per 6.5 square cm), greater than the pressure at the center of the Earth.
The scientists created this force using synthetic diamonds mounted opposite each other in a device known as a diamond anvil cell.
http://news.harvard.edu/gazette/story/2017/01/a-breakthrough-in-high-pressure-physics/