Like Kreij said, RAID 0 is for performance and RAID 1 is for redundancy (
Wikipedia RAID article). However, it is likely you will notice little or no difference in performance with RAID 0 across two drives vs a single drive—claims of amazing improvements are often exaggerated or due to placebo effect. It's also theoretically less reliable since you're using twice the drives and if either drive fails, you'll probably lose all the data stored on both drives. This is not to scare you away from using RAID—in fact I'd say go for it, if nothing else just to try it out for yourself and see what you think, as long as you've got the drives. Just don't entrust any important data to a RAID 0 array if it's not backed up elsewhere.
You might find RAID 1 handy. It's nice to know that if a hard drive fails, your data will be safe on the other drive, and that's what RAID 1 does. Some will tell you not to use RAID 1 for an OS drive because it'll drastically reduce performance. These claims, too, are often exaggerated. What I would say is, try it! See what you think and what you find useful. It sounds like you are curious and want to try something new, and that's great, even if just for the sake of learning more.
Also, to add to what mlee stated about failed arrays (NOT to disagree but to balance his experiences out with my own), I've never had a RAID array crash or in any other way fail. I've had individual
drives in RAID arrays fail, and been relieved when RAID saved the data that was on them, but I've built more systems with RAID set up than I care to count and haven't had any RAID failures yet. And I'm not just talking about systems with dedicated high-end RAID cards, but also the same type of integrated RAID you're planning to use. Integrated RAID controllers are as good as any for many intents and purposes. But again, this is only to balance out what mlee stated, not to disagree: a failure can sure happen.
Try something new and have fun.
You know you can count on TPU to be here and provide any help you might need.