A40 and A6000 are basically the same hardware. A40 is a Tesla card, a pure compute card with no display outputs. The A6000 is a Quadro so there are outputs. The GPU itself is the same model, so the performance is pretty much identical.
The RTX 4090 have higher raw compute power. But it has half the memory and no NVLink support. It is also a consumer card so it is not really designed to run at a max sustained load for weeks/months.
Your use case is rather vague though. A laptop with a GPU can run "Machine Learning, Visualization, and Data Streaming" tasks. It just depends on scale. But, since you mention using A40 at other locations, I understand that a laptop is not an option. I can't tell you if a 4090 will do though, since I have no idea of memory constraints for your planned tasks. Cooling situation can also be of importance