@TheGuyWithTheTrashPC
Some 3rd Gen U series CPUs can be forced to enter TDP-down mode. This can force the CPU or Intel GPU to throttle based on a TDP value lower than the 17W rated TDP. Your computer seems to be using this feature. TDP Level 0 is normal 17W TDP mode. TDP Level 1 is usually TDP-down mode. If your CPU supports it, TDP Level 2 would be TDP-up mode but not all CPUs support all three modes. HWiNFO might be able to show you what TDP Level your CPU is in. When the iGPU is throttling, I am guessing the CPU package is stuck in TDP Level 1.
In ThrottleStop you can try checking the TDP Level box and setting that to TDP Level 0 or to TDP Level 2 if your CPU supports that mode. You can also use the Lock feature to lock in this TDP Level. The problem I found is that some computers use a duplicate TDP Level setting that can be set separately than the TDP Level that ThrottleStop lets you control. If an embedded controller wants to throttle your CPU down to TDP Level 1, it can do this no matter what ThrottleStop is requesting.
One thing that might control this is the Intel DPTF driver. The Dynamic Platform and Thermal Framework driver. If you can find this driver in the Device Manager and delete it and block Windows from re-installing it, maybe you can fix the low TDP mode that your computer is going into. I have never owned a laptop with this problem so you will need to do some Google searching to find out more about this issue.
Let me know if you find a fix.