My Google Fu pointed me over here because I recently acquired a 6470b ProBook and came across a very similar issue. Mine was more related to SODIMM set matching. From whichever end of the HP horse you consider appropriate, allow me to present the service manual:
http://h20628.www2.hp.com/km-ext/kmcsdirect/emr_na-c03564727-1.pdf for both models in question (mine being the second)...
Bookmark the fact I'm running Win 10 x64 Technical Preview (and don't jump to conclusions just yet).
...complete with part numbers, pictures and everything. Having checked all the same things y'all did already, I was trying to figure if this particular genus and species of HP laptop was finicky when it comes to RAM. Seems so. What the service manual doesn't tell you: the 12800 DDR3 x 2 x 8 gigs has to be an exact match to achieve 16 gigs total. BIOS tells all. If they are not, dark OEM magic happens creating weird math. In my case, the two Corsair 10600 DDR3 8 gig SODIMMS produced 6 gigs total (4 x 2) with a 5.17 gigs usable in Windows. My knee-jerk reaction was to swap them and see if the problem followed. It didn't. But I didn't get what I wanted either... BIOS showing 4 gigs installed with 3.88 gigs usable in Windows. At that point I started swearing at the RAM. I rolled the HP down to 4 x 4 10600, installing two Samsung sticks- no issues. BIOS agrees, Windows agrees, 7.87 gigs usable. I tested the 16 gig set in a Dell Mobile workstation running Win7 x64 and it was flawless.
At this point I start swearing at the OS and giving the DIMM slots a sideways leer. For giggles, I ran the HP OEM OS recovery disk on the laptop in reinstalled the original Win7 x64 baseline. Same same with the OEM dark magic + RAM after multiple swaps...
I downloaded previously-noted service manual, read it and rummaged around for 8 x 2 of DDR3 12800. Finding what I needed and installing it I could very faintly hear a flourish of miniature HP trumpets sounding a successful configuration match. NOW my Probook runs several different x64 OS platforms at 16 gigs available 15.34 usable (<-- don't question it, it's working). For x86 platforms the limitation is the OS. The BIOS shows 16384 across the board.