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Are UPS lithium LiFePO4 batteries finally as cheap as lead-acid?

Not a pretty sight, I am sure. Hope no one was hurt.
 
No injuries but the bang scared the techie who was there at the time; I only got to see the battery with the top blown off.
 
My personal opinion from what I have learned is, yes "IF" made to proper industry standards and not in some fly-by-night, back woods factory by what amounts to slave, often underaged labor.

Edit comment: fixed typo.

Well not going to trust them in any of mine, they were not made for them. I am surly not going to trust any of these cheap ones, even more so of Amazon.
 
I recall a well-maintained industrial UPS system where the lead acid battery exploded.

I mean into flames and burning fire.

Lead and Acid are not flammable like Lithium metal or Lithium ions.

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Lead Acid doesn't do this, even in failure cases. Li-ion does. LiFePo4 also does this, but it's harder to reach this point.

Remember that a big use case of LiFePo4 is on board multiton vehicles (2+ tons per EV) going at 75mph++. Large impact forces are expected on uncommon... But expected.... Use cases.
 
I severely doubt that LiFePo4 is more environmental than Lead Acid due to the recycling thing.

LeadAcid is recycled at abnormally high rates, it's one of the biggest recycling success stories ever. Meanwhile, any Li-ion chemistry (LiFePo4 included) is basically PH.D research level for recycling. Theoretically possible but I'm not aware of any large scale facility in existence anywhere.

LiFePo4 is recycled at 75% (which will improve as it becomes more common) while Lead Acid at 95%

There are several key differences though:

- LiFePo4 has an average life-span of 6.66x lead acid (2,000 cycles worst case vs 300). This means the life cycle emissions attributable to the production, use, and recycling are much lower. The high recycling rate of Lead Acid is great but the fact that it's life is a fraction of LiFePo4 means the impact of production (including raw materials), recycling, and logistics are much much higher.
- LiFePo4 is non-toxic. Lead Acid contains lead and sulfuric acid. LiFePo4 has lithium in it and that's a far better alternative than lead. Lithium is not considered toxic unless in high concentration in the body. Lead meanwhile replaces calcium in bones and is considered toxic at any level of exposure.
- LiFePo4 is more energy dense, needing less materials per watt hour capacity.
- Recycling of LiFePo4 is safer, as lead-acid battery fumes are dangerous as is lead dust.
- LiFePo4 is safer to dispose of and can be put in landfills.

Recycling of LiFePo4 is harder but saying it requires a PHD is complete hyperbole. NMC / NCA lithium batteries are more difficult to recycle than LiFePo4 and are prioritized by battery recycling plants due to the value of extracted materials. The reason LiFePo4 is left on the back burner is because their materials are more common (thus fetching less value) and because they are non-toxic and chemically stable.

LiFePo4 still can explode. Just less likely to compared to older Li-ion.

LeadAcid never explodes. But there's other issues (ie: the lead... and the acid) that can cause detrimental health effects.

Lead Acid absolutely can explode and when it does it's highly toxic, acidic, and the gas is flamable. Lead Acid has to contend with hydrogen offgassing.


"Some make-ups have a very high energy density, that is to say that they pack one heck of a punch, but with the downside that under certain conditions they are very susceptible to a thermal runaway situation that will usually have catastrophic consequences. One such common high energy-density Lithium Ion chemistry is lithium cobalt and its derivatives, and many of the well publicized failures, including the Boeing Dreamliner fires, have involved lithium cobalt batteries or a similar chemistry. Tesla cars, like the one involved in an accident that produced "burning debris exploding like fireworks" use nickel cobalt aluminum batteries. But there are other versions of Lithium Ion that have less energy density but are inherently very safe, safer in fact than lead-acid batteries. The most common Lithium Ion offering in the marine market these days is Lithium Iron Phosphate, whose chemical designation is LiFePo4. Unlike some other Lithium Ion chemistries, in particular lithium cobalt in its various forms, thermal runaway is not initiated in a LiFePo4 battery by physical damage like a puncture or crushing. The same cannot be said for AGM batteries when damaged physically or in a thermal runaway condition, where acid spill and the release of an explosive mix of hydrogen and oxygen is potentially extremely dangerous. In fact, in the highly unlikely event that thermal runaway is initiated somehow in a LiFePo4 cell for any reason, the emitting of vapors is the most noticeable result."

Lead Acid doesn't do this, even in failure cases. Li-ion does. LiFePo4 also does this, but it's harder to reach this point.

Remember that a big use case of LiFePo4 is on board multiton vehicles (2+ tons per EV) going at 75mph++. Large impact forces are expected on uncommon... But expected.... Use cases.

Lead Acid does. You can try your best to get LiFePo4 and it's still likely not to.

LiFePo4 is one of the safest battery chemistries.
 
Lead Acid doesn't do this, even in failure cases.
Come on, dude! How about doing just a tiny bit of homework to verify your facts before spewing such inaccuracies? Did you even bother to look at the links I provided above? How about the first link showing in the very first picture, an exploding lead acid battery? Scroll down and you'll see more.

Or how about the next two links explaining that they can and do explode?

Do your homework, please.
 
Come on, dude! How about doing just a tiny bit of homework to verify your facts before spewing such inaccuracies? Did you even bother to look at the links I provided above? How about the first link showing in the very first picture, an exploding lead acid battery? Scroll down and you'll see more.

Or how about the next two links explaining that they can and do explode?

Do your homework, please.

You first.

You're pretending that LeadAcid explodes in flames at any level of comparison to LiFePo4. A hilarious level of inaccuracy.

Lead itself doesn't explode.

Acid itself doesn't explode.

Guess what does explode by itself? Lithium. Basic chemistry.

I dare you to get a 12V 7A LeadAcid to explode in any level that'd cause danger. Meanwhile, we all know what happens if I hit LiFePo4 with a big enough hammer.

--------

We have a century of LeadAcid batteries in cars. Yes, electrical fires happen but it's nothing comparable to these new LiIon explosions.

I fully admit that LiFePo4 is safer than earlier LiIon chemistries. That doesn't change the fundamentals of Lithium reactivity and the underlying chemistry at play.
 
One major advantage SLA batteries still have over LIFEPO4 is the discharge rate.
Most LIFEPO4 are rated 1C which means a 9Ah battery can only safely give you 9A whereas a 9Ah SLA can give you >45A/5C no problem.
 
Lead Acid does. You can try your best to get LiFePo4 and it's still likely not to.

LiFePo4 is one of the safest battery chemistries.

What? These things haven't been out that long and we already have massive explosions and deaths.

 
You first.

You're pretending that LeadAcid explodes in flames at any level of comparison to LiFePo4. A hilarious level of inaccuracy.

No one is saying that. People are pointing out that your claim that Lead Acid doesn't explode is false.

Lead itself doesn't explode.

Acid itself doesn't explode.

Guess what does explode by itself? Lithium. Basic chemistry.

I dare you to get a 12V 7A LeadAcid to explode in any level that'd cause danger. Meanwhile, we all know what happens if I hit LiFePo4 with a big enough hammer.

--------

We have a century of LeadAcid batteries in cars. Yes, electrical fires happen but it's nothing comparable to these new LiIon explosions.

I fully admit that LiFePo4 is safer than earlier LiIon chemistries. That doesn't change the fundamentals of Lithium reactivity and the underlying chemistry at play.

Yes, lithium metal is highly reactive, but LiFePO₄ (LFP) batteries use lithium compounds in a highly stable phosphate framework. These are far less volatile than metallic lithium. Their P–O bonds are stronger and more stable than in cobalt-based chemistries, significantly reducing fire risk:


You can mechanically abuse LFP cells (hammer, drill, puncture), and although they may heat up or emit smoke, they rarely explode or ignite—unlike other lithium-ion types.

Research shows LFP batteries have thermal runaway onset around 220 °C and a peak heating rate of ~21 °C/min—far less violent than cobalt or nickel-based chemistries:

“Hit LiFePO₄ with a big hammer”—Sure, it might heat up, but it has never been documented to detonate. The worst outcomes are smoke, venting, and localized fires, not massive blasts.

What? These things haven't been out that long and we already have massive explosions and deaths.


While that's a terrible incident, You can find hundreds of thousands of indicants involving LeadAcid. Yes, under specific conditions even LFP batteries can cause fires or explosions. Whether that be environmental factors, poor quality, misuse, etc. The same applies to Lead Acid if they fail to offgass or if the hydrogen they do offgas is ignited or if they are cheaply made as well.

The argument was never that LiFePo4 is perfect. Massive explosions and deaths though? Your linked article doesn't support that assertion and I don't see how it could. We aren't seeing many LiFePo4 incidents and that you had to cite such an esoteric article furthers that.
 
I will stick to lead, less risks. but up to you if you want to higher the chance of a fire or not.
That lithium battery Chemistry doesn't have the thermal run away affect.
 
Yes, lithium metal is highly reactive, but LiFePO₄ (LFP) batteries use lithium compounds in a highly stable phosphate framework. These are far less volatile than metallic lithium. Their P–O bonds are stronger and more stable than in cobalt-based chemistries, significantly reducing fire risk:

I know. And yet.


Two hits is all it takes for this test to make LiFePo4 erupt into flames.

A normal Li-ion (NCA or something) would have exploded on the first hit. LiFePo4 is more stable, it took a 2nd hit before it entered thermal runaway.

LiFePo4 is 'safer'. Not 'safe'. The 'er' is important context. It's still important for us to move off of NCM NCA or other chemistries as holy shit the older Li-ion is much much worse.

But no LeadAcid is going to erupt into flames like this test here demonstrates.
 
You're pretending that LeadAcid explodes in flames at any level of comparison to LiFePo4. A hilarious level of inaccuracy.
No one is saying that. People are pointing out that your claim that Lead Acid doesn't explode is false.
Exactly!

Do you need to be reminded what you said back in post number #24? You said,
LeadAcid never explodes.

That is wrong. They do.

But you are right, @dragontamer5788, that is hilarious because I NEVER what YOU are pretending I said. So since you are inclined to simply make stuff up and make post falsehoods about what others are saying, you've demonstrated you have zero integrity and are not worth my time debating this.

Have a good day.
 
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12V 7Ah lithium LiFePO4 is now $22 on amazon, the same price as lead-acid

Always check the rated amperage on those. (which, may be a lie/exaggeration). Also, if installing into a Parallel or Series arrangement, check specs/datasheets for series/parallel compatibility. Not all LifePo4 BMSs are 'happy' being ran with another.

I ended up settling for 4S lifepo4's in my always-online UPSs, but they're limited to 20A Cont. / 50A peak (which, was the highest rating I could find).
I have 8 of these across 2 rackmount/tower Always-Online UPSs.
They were the best specification option I could find, and they're still underrated for the UPS's maximum load.
The XZNY 12V 12Ah LiFePO4 battery has a maximum charging and discharging current of 20A (newly upgraded), with a peak current of 50A for 5 seconds.


The 'big plus' for lifepo4 over SLA, is ability to deep(er) discharge without damaging the cells.
Unless your UPS has a 50%DoD cutoff, it's very easy to damage an SLA from one single power outage. Either, from high load @ time of outage rapidly draining the battery or, from a low-current load (USB charger) over hours, slowly draining the battery into a damage state.

Note though: most consumer-focused UPSs are not engineered to be ran for longer than the time to shut down the connected equipment.
Upgrading a battery in a UPS, may lead to an overheating inverter, merely from the newfound ability to run longer than originally designed.


Tl;dr

Are UPS lithium LiFePO4 batteries finally as cheap as lead-acid?​

As cheap? Kinda.
As capable? No.
As broadly compatible? No.
As reliable? No.

12Ah

Impressive.
I assume that specification is a lie or exaggeration.
Though regardless of 'spec', a LiFePo4 will discharge deeper, providing an 'effectively' higher capacity.

For (reductionist) example:
A 9AH SLA, cannot discharge anywhere near that full 9AmpHours rating w/o damaging the cells.
An (actual) 6000mAh LiFePo4 battery OtOH, can deliver most of that stored energy w/ minimal wear to the cells.

I know. And yet.


Two hits is all it takes for this test to make LiFePo4 erupt into flames.

A normal Li-ion (NCA or something) would have exploded on the first hit. LiFePo4 is more stable, it took a 2nd hit before it entered thermal runaway.

LiFePo4 is 'safer'. Not 'safe'. The 'er' is important context. It's still important for us to move off of NCM NCA or other chemistries as holy shit the older Li-ion is much much worse.

But no LeadAcid is going to erupt into flames like this test here demonstrates.
Perhaps it's merely charged vs. uncharged but...
the videos I've seen over the years of Lithium Polymer pouch testing, 18650,etc. cell testing, and LifePo4 testing lend me to believe that "LiFePo4 battery" was falsely advertised as such.

The way that battery went up, is much closer to a punctured poly-pouch cell than a LiFePo4. (and, LiPoly pouch cells are currently amongst the most powerdense options; motivation to falsely advertise)
 
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:( Oh come on! Can you be any more trollish or pedantic? No.

Does BatteryPlus, a store, often located in strip malls or next to other retail establishments actually do the breaking down of parts and recycle all the components themselves? No. Of course not. Nor more than Best Buy refurbishes my old refrigerator "on site" when they hauled it away when they delivered my new one. Nor does my mechanic actually do the recycling when he collects my used oil, used anti-freeze, used transmission fluids.

Does Battery Plus "accept" these (and nearly all types) of batteries for recycling to keep them out of landfills and our water supplies? Yes.

Was that the whole point of my comment? Yes. Of course it was.

Does my local trash collection service actually recycle the plastics, metals, cardboard and glass residents are required, by city ordinance, to put in our blue, green and brown bins? No. Of course not. They separate them in to categories then actual plastic, cardboard, metal and glass recycling companies come get them and [at least hopefully] properly recycle the recyclable, and properly dispose of the rest.

Did it boost your pathetic little self-esteem and ego enough by pointing out that tiny, petty distinction without a difference"? Did it make you feel all proud, important, triumphant and warm and fuzzy inside? I hope so. Otherwise, I'll pity you even more.

That said, instead of being so quick to accuse others of not reading, I suggest you actually read what BatteryPlus claims they do. I included a link. Did you bother to read it? They clearly say, "we recycle". So if you have problem with that, go whine and cry to them for false advertising or what ever.

In the meantime, I have 6 old SLA batteries, several CR2032s, and 2 CFL lamps I am taking to them tomorrow - for them to recycling.

Again, reading comprehension. You seem to want to complain I'm a troll, but you failed to read from step one.

The point is the cost of recycling. That's compounded by the cost of collection, the cost of transportation, the cost of creating a method of tearing these batteries apart without exposure to atmosphere, and then the reprocessing of things.

A lead acid battery can literally be trucked to any number of third parties that recondition batteries. None of which need special environmental conditions, and none of which require lab grade equipment.


I do appreciate the bullshit personal attacks you then follow up with, and I'd point to the fact that you need to define petty as completely not reading and understanding anyone else because your ego won't allow it...but then I'd have spent more time thinking about this than you can understand. If you would educate yourself...which is an ask...then maybe you'd get it. Let me short this for you. Nevada, Georgia, and Kentucky. The only three states with any real volume of lithium battery recycling. My concern is that the volume of that recycling is a practical joke... Maybe you get it...maybe not...maybe I expect too much from you. The short answer is that without proper recycling you are pedaling a business that is literally stacking batteries until somebody can eventually get to them. The lead acid batteries of today do not have that problem. It's plain to see when you can buy reconditioned batteries already...which might not have left your city to be returned from a used product to a viable one.


Please, instead of the bullshit personal attacks maybe you should think before you comment something snarky that shows your ignorance. I mean, the discussion was explicitly about who recycled them, not the theoretical lack of places to drop them off at...and your fundamental misunderstanding is why I can trust that you never read.

What? These things haven't been out that long and we already have massive explosions and deaths.


While I agree with some of what you are saying, some of it is not fair.

1) Lead acid batteries do explode. The second you seal them they can no longer vent either heated water or in some cases hydrogen. The difference is that the potential energy stored in a lead acid battery is much lower. I hate to say this, but it's the chemistry.
2) Lead acid batteries are plenty dangerous. If you took a hammer to a lead acid battery you'd wind-up with sulfuric acid. I don't think you get how dangerous that is if you think that it's somehow just fine and dandy compared to lithium. Google sulfuric acid burns, on an empty stomach, and tell me I'm wrong.

3) Recycling does take place. My point is that there are three states with actual facilities. On the other hand, within an hour drive of Charlotte NC, there are more than 7 different battery cell recyclers and manufacturers. If I drop a lithium based phone battery off in Charlotte NC it's got to get collected, sorted, shipped to Kentucky, broken down, and then shipped somewhere else to have the lithium salts the recycler makes reprocessed back into a usable product.
4) That said, it's stupid expensive to do all of that recycling, and still largely governmentally subsidized to be a profitable industry.

5) Anybody familiar with battery buying should be aware of the term "core charge." It's the money you get back when you return your old battery to a parts seller. It's also present for things like alternators. The point is to recycle the expensive bits, like copper and lead, so we have a better future. These are also collection points and not recyclers...so before you start calling me hypocritical understand that the silly high cost of reprocessing metals is only exceeded by the insane cost of making them from extraction.
6) Chinese products causing fires is...a thing. Not arguing. That said, before you get crazy about their safety track record consider that there is differentiation between a safe product built badly and an unsafe product built well. You don't consider that your car is basically detonating thousands of explosions a minute to go...but watching something made in China fall apart and discovering it was a tofu dregs project is common place while the same specifications applied in the US, EU, or other countries lasts decades. Sometimes, safety is about who did it and not what was done. Lithium Iron Phosphate is a good core technology, but if you make the thing badly it's as much of a bomb as anything else with the energy densities that batteries hold.


In short, maybe don't oversell the safety of lead acid. Likewise, keep up to date on the recycling...which is getting better. That said, do retain skepticism. Better is not viable. Safety is something to be concerned with. Oh, and everything fails. The question is whether it fails without harming people, or it's a disaster.
 
The lead acid explosions I'm aware of are mostly results of unvented pressure build up, with said "explosions" here referring to the bursting of the casing and subsequent acid leak (or splash, for any unfortunate soft tissue -or clothing- that happen to be within the ejection radius at burst time). More importantly, this is strictly a VRLA issue. Old-school flooded ones rarely suffer that fate (but I don't suppose those are still used for small form-factors any more).

Not to say that they don't have some sort of fire risk. The gases they generate are indeed flammable, but unless we're talking about an array of large, flooded batteries in an idiotically unventilated area, that risk is very, very low.

Unlike some other Lithium Ion chemistries, in particular lithium cobalt in its various forms, thermal runaway is not initiated in a LiFePo4 battery by physical damage like a puncture or crushing.
This is not true.

They don't have the same high risk of bursting into flame, perhaps. But they do exhibit thermal runaway.
 
but you failed to read from step one.

The point is the cost of recycling.
Not it's not. At least that is not the point of this thread. Lots of things are expensive to recycle. That does not mean it is not done. Mercury is very expensive to recycle, but CRTs and florescent light bulbs are still recycled to prevent polluting our land fills, water supplies and oceans.

Glass is expensive to recycle because of the labor involved to separate colors (there is little demand the resulting color when you melt all glass together). This is why my city's "mandatory" recycling program does not include glass collection at the curb. Instead, they have voluntary drop off spots around the city.

You whine about being personally attacked but look who tossed the first volley in post #17. You keep accusing me of not reading but it is you and your dragon buddy not following the thread - as others too have pointed out.

Example,
In short, maybe don't oversell the safety of lead acid.
Nobody, well, almost nobody is overselling the safety of lead acid. If that were true, we would all be agreeing with your dragon buddy who claimed they don't "explode".

If anyone is overselling the safety of lead acid, it is YOU, lilhasselhoffer. Read what YOU said below!
A lead acid battery can literally be trucked to any number of third parties that recondition batteries. None of which need special environmental conditions, and none of which require lab grade equipment.
Huh? No special environmental conditions? Wow! :kookoo: Talk about overselling the safety of lead acid. This just clearly illustrates a total lack of knowledge about the recycling process of batteries.

View this video. Note around 45 seconds in how the lead is smelted. And note where it is smelted. Assuming you won't view it, the lead is smelted in "EPA" regulated facilities. Why would the EPA be involved if no special environmental conditions were needed? Why go through the expense of neutralizing the sulfuric acid and turning it into water if no special environmental conditions existed?

Just to remind you, this thread is about the price of LiFePO4 batteries. I recommend we get back to that topic.
 
This is not true.

They don't have the same high risk of bursting into flame, perhaps. But they do exhibit thermal runaway.

Read that sentence you are quoting, I never said they don't have thermal runaway. What you quoted:

Unlike some other Lithium Ion chemistries, in particular lithium cobalt in its various forms, thermal runaway is not initiated in a LiFePo4 battery by physical damage like a puncture or crushing.

I even specifically point out the thermal runaway details and provided a link:

Research shows LFP batteries have thermal runaway onset around 220 °C and a peak heating rate of ~21 °C/min—far less violent than cobalt or nickel-based chemistries:

I spent several paragraphs explaining that they are factually much more stable, something which you seem to agree with.

Not to say that they don't have some sort of fire risk. The gases they generate are indeed flammable, but unless we're talking about an array of large, flooded batteries in an idiotically unventilated area, that risk is very, very low.

Correct and the same low incident chance applies to LiFePo4 as well. You are referring to just the operational risk though. As I pointed out earlier, there is added recycling risks to Lead Acid.

A lead acid battery can literally be trucked to any number of third parties that recondition batteries. None of which need special environmental conditions, and none of which require lab grade equipment.

Lead Acid is simpler to recycle but much more dangerous. Lead dust, acid, and gasses are all a concern.
 
Even if 99% of the lead is recycled, where does the remaining 1% go (given that lead is poisonous).
 
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love how many here are willing to replace sla with batteries the (ups) charging curcuit was never designed to handle.

@dgianstefani
and see how long they last, when used to replace sla.
no protection against cell over charge/deep discharge, no cell balancing, and ignoring planed death from trickle charging.
 
Even if 99% of the lead is recycles, where does the remaining 1% go (given that lead is poisonous).
Sadly, I guess we have to assume it escapes out into the environment either as or in [microscopic?] solid waste, liquid waste or through airborne ways as dust particles and/or fumes.

love how many here are willing to replace sla with batteries the (ups) charging curcuit was never designed to handle.
I think this is an excellent point but also note (Hope? Pray?) those batteries "marketed" for UPS SLA replacements use integrated BMS logic to be properly compatible with those UPS charging circuits. Sadly, though, the onus is on the user to ensure they are. Not sure most users are even aware this is an important consideration to make BEFORE purchase.
 
love how many here are willing to replace sla with batteries the (ups) charging curcuit was never designed to handle.

@dgianstefani
and see how long they last, when used to replace sla.
no protection against cell over charge/deep discharge, no cell balancing, and ignoring planed death from trickle charging.

My understanding is that these LiFePo4 batteries come with some kind of internal chip that converts from Lead Acid float-style constant charge into the bursty on/off again style that Li-ion / LiFePo4 prefers.

But it's an optimistic assumption and cheap Chinesium crap from unknown brands is known to skimp on important details like this. So maybe my optimism is unwarranted.

But these chips are available and for cheap. The question is if the manufacturers are putting them in there or not.
 
My understanding is that these LiFePo4 batteries come with some kind of internal chip that converts from Lead Acid float-style constant charge into the bursty on/off again style that Li-ion / LiFePo4 prefers.
As I noted above, that's the hope for those being marketed as replacements for SLAs used in UPS.

But,
The question is if the manufacturers are putting them in there or not.
Exactly. Plus, at least in the US, we know ICE is not concentrating their efforts on counterfeit products and hazardous materials. And the Border Patrol have their hands full with illegal border crossings and smuggling operations.

So again, the onus is on the user. But even then, what is a user to look for, and how? Most likely they are going to have to do some disassembling and even if they find a circuit with an IC, how are they going to know what it does, or if it does it correctly?

Even as an experienced tech, I feel I would know what to look for in terms of components and could safely disassemble the battery. But not sure I would know if any value I measured was correct without some sort of detailed data sheet or schematics (for the battery and the UPS too).

So what do we do? Wait until something gets excessively hot? Not a good test.

So the more I think about it, I'm just going to replace the SLA batteries in the UPS I have with SLA batteries. Any new UPS I buy in the future, if it has Li-ion or LiFePo4 batteries, then I will replace them with like batteries - if I'm still kicking when they die (I'm already old).
 
I'm glad that you always can be counted on not to read.

Your local batteries plus does not recycle these batteries. They act as a collection point, which then pays to haul the batteries somewhere...which might then send them elsewhere, or sort them, or if things are really special they might actually inspect them. Remember that question about lithium being dangerous and requiring some laboratory like conditions to be extracted...or did you maybe not read that either?

Most Lithium in the US is trucked out westward...when it's stored in large depots until it can be sold to somebody who does the processing. Said processing is 100% dangerous.

Your average lead acid battery can be emptied, the lead could be remelted in a consumer grade furnace, and battery boxes can be bought online. What I'm saying there is not that environmental issues do not arise, but that making a "new" lead acid battery from recycling is pennies on the dollar as opposed to a thing that is barely profitable when highly subsidized by the government...and remains crazy dangerous.



No...cart before the horse. China invited Tesla, started force transfer of technology, and determined that their goal was to make Chinese manufacturers the "best" in the world of cars. The technology to make standard lithium ion batteries was too expensive, and required materials science tech that the Chinese could not steal...but they did have access to Lithium Iron Phosphate, a technology that was shed due to it performing worse than the standardized lithium ion battery tech...but miles ahead of other technologies in energy density. No protections, cheap manufacture, the Chinese government mandates its use by making it part of their list of critical expansions, which paves the way for huge grants, which make the production of products that sell under cost possible, and profitable, while you are getting huge government support to make things happen.

Once you've stolen the tech you need, and fabricated the industry and supply chain to support it, you're left with immense manufacturing capacity. That capacity drives the market cost down...cratering anyone from being able to improve processes because they cannot afford to invest in research, creating a plateau of tech at a cheap price, which wipes out the market for said tech for decades as it rebuilds stably after the huge number of producers is culled when the government grants disappear and the price war results in most producers dying because they are competing against people willing to sell at a profit loss just to have sales.

In short, better get these puppies now. In a not too distant future they'll be a big problem that "nobody saw coming." That's between their environmental impact and the sudden disappearance of the market support that comes with this model of operation.

US should just share the technology for entire world and not gatekeep it. Now China has everything. lol
 
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