I used several modern GPUs in my cheeserate Mac Pro. only difference is mine is a 2009 model and the only difference there was a wireless card included and I think 1033 vs 1333 MHz ram. so what I did will work for you too. you need to get a Y-adapter that will combine the two mini 6-pin aux connectors into a single 8-pin. Should be called something like dual mini 6-pin to single 8-pin....folks have been doing this for years and these are readily available. That will cover just one of the 8-pin connectors on the GPU though. Next steps is up to you but there are several methods
1) Need to have two SATA bays available
This method takes power from two SATA power connectors with another Y-adapter. Need to get a dual SATA to single 8-pin connector cable.
One SATA port does ~50W so this is why you need two. with ~100W that will be sufficient to run the 75W that potentially can go to that 8-pin connector
I ran a RX 5700 XT like this for the better part of year
2) Spare/aux PSU
You need a 2nd PSU to do this. Just use your 2nd PSU to power both of the 8-pins or just 1 and the other by the normal internal connectors
Ran the same RX 5700 XT like this for a few weeks until the cables I needed for the above #1 method arrived
This was not clean because you will need to snake the cables in from the rear or leave the side panel off the case
3) Pixlas Mod
These PSUs are rated for 980W so there is plenty of juice....Apple just never thought ppl would still be sticking in new GPUs over a decade later that consume more than 225W apparently lol
This looked like a major rabbit hole to me. Hence I went with the more basic methods. This is a good method....just is more technical and time consuming. Google it for details
I always point Mac Pro users to
https://forums.macrumors.com/forums/mac-pro.1/ also. those forums have a plethora of info, guides and where I really learned the most from the community. Be sure to check that out
lmao I write all that above and you don't even need two 8pin power connectors. this card only has one 8pin connector. The internal mini 6pins are sufficient for this card!