Thermal Throttling

Due to the compact form factor, M.2 drives lack the ability to actively cool themselves, usually having to rely on passive airflow instead. All vendors include some form of thermal throttling on their drives as a safeguard, which limits throughput once a certain temperature is exceeded.

On this page, we will investigate whether the tested drive has such a mechanism, how high temperatures get, and what effect this has on performance. We will test the drive in a typical case, installed in the M.2 slot between the CPU and VGA card, while it's getting hammered by non-stop incoming writes. A first test run, to create a baseline, shows temperature and performance with a 120 mm fan directly blowing on the tested drive. In a second run we report thermal performance of the completely uncooled drive. Each of the charts has time moving from left to right, with the blue line displaying transfer speed in MB/s and the red line showing the temperature in degrees Celsius (measured using SMART).

Results from this test setup are not comparable to our older SSD benches because we're using a different case and an AIO watercooling unit, so there's very little airflow inside the case.

Reads

Writes

There's some thermal throttling in the uncooled write test, but it's quite well behaved.

Thermal Image & Hot Spot

We recorded a thermal image of the running SSD as it was completing the write test. The surface temperature of the heatsink reached 106°C, which is much higher than what the on-board thermal sensors are claiming (88°C).