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That is only partly true. When a drive controller detects a defect or a failing sector that has not yet failed, it will attempt to copy the data in said sector to an nearby sector that is marked as "free" or "unused" and will then mark the failing or defective sector as bad.and only when it can't be moved or recovered, does it mark it as unrecoverable, but reallocated sectors means that it was moved without issue.
That one is simple. NAND cells have a limited number of Program/Erase cycles. When the cell wears out, it becomes non-functional. SLC, is the most durable as well manufactured SLC can easily last 200,000 P/E cycles. MLC can last up to 30,000 cycles(depending on how it's made and used). TLC can last up to 8,000 cycles. QLC is literal garbage as it will last only upto 1,100(at best). QLC should NEVER be used for mission critical or OS storage.The SSD argument interests me greatly.
This was off topic but I wanted to address your comment...
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